The sf36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. The sf36 is a generic qol instrument that measures 8 domains of qol. In the multivariate analysis, only the sf36 mental health summary score remained an independent, significant predictor, mainly due to considerable intercorrelations between hrqol scales. Satisfaction with remote monitoring was not related to hrqol r sf 36 mental component and the information on cardiac condition dimension r 0. This information will help keep track of how you feel and how well you are able to do your usual activities. Hypothesis data from the 36item shortform health survey sf36 do not follow a normal distribution and should not be analyzed using parametric techniques. The measure yields a total score sum as well as scores on six subscales. The test consists of 36 questions and requires 10 minutes to administer. The optum sf36v2 health survey asks 36 questions to measure functional health and wellbeing from the patients point of view. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health. Sf36, merlin software, validity, reliability, health status, data process.
These questions are about how you feel and how things have been with you during the last 4 weeks. A novel type of analysis, topbox analysis, may add to the interpretation of these data. The original sf36 came out from the medical outcome study, mos. Scoring instructions for mos 36 item short form survey instrument sf 36 instructions on how to score sf 36. The sf 36 and rand 36 include the same set of items that were developed in the medical outcomes study. In an ms population, the cronbachs alphas for the various subscales of the sf 36 range from.
Identified articles were downloaded in pdf format and screened electronically using acrobat reader find tool for keywords. Scoring the rand 36 item health survey is a twostep process. It is a subset of questions from longer instruments that were used in the medical outcomes study. The sf 36, as described in the name, is a 36 item patientreported questionnaire that covers eight health domains. Sf36 is the bestknown questionnaire amongst experts in measuring health status. Mos 36 item short form survey instrument sf 36 arabic pdf view and print the pdf arabic version of sf 36. The sf36 summary score for mental health was significantly related to better survival, whereas the sf36 summary score for physical health was not.
It is a practical, reliable and valid measure of physical and mental health that can be completed in five to ten minutes. Sf36 mean scores, by age and sex 95% confidence intervals. Sf 36 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. This paper introduces the uk sf36ii and assesses the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the measure. Methods the australian version of the sf36 was tested in 90 consecutive 1year stroke survivors mean age. Behavior and analysis of 36item shortform health survey. Type of clinical outcome assessment coa original language s english for the usa. There have been a variety of iterations of this tool, and the version presented here is more specifically known as the rand sf 36. At the baseline assessment, patients reported modest impairment on the physical function, rolephysical, bodily pain, and general health perceptions subscales 0.
Validation of the short form 36 sf36 health survey. The short form 36 health survey is a 36item, patientreported survey of patient health. As part of the medical outcomes study mos, a multiyear, multisite study to explain variations in patient outcomes, rand developed the 36 item short form health survey sf 36. Originally published in 1992 in medical care, the 36 item short form health survey sf 36 is a measure of healthrelated qualityoflife. Clinical studies 36item medical outcomes study shortform general health survey an instrument used to assess multidimensional healthrelated qol, which measures 8 health related parameters. Now we divide by the 3 answered questions to get a total of 46.
Jul 18, 1992 the sf 36 was able to detect low levels of ill health in patients who had scored 0 good health on the nottingham health profile. This set of questions asks for your views about your health. Difficulties in emotion regulation scale ders please indicate how often the following statements apply to you by writing the appropriate number from the scale below on the line beside each item. It provides normative data, from a large scale social survey, the. Because the scoring method described here a simpler and more straightforward procedure differs from that of the mos sf 36, persons using this scoring method should refer to the instrument as rand 36 item health survey 1. Reporting and interpretation of sf36 outcomes in randomised.
We refer to it as a generic health survey because it can be used across age 18 and older. The short form 36 health survey questionnaire the sf36 was developed in the usa for use in the rand corporations health insurance experiment. Sf36 introduction the sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions1. A physical summary and a mental summary are included in the test scoring. The sf36 is a structured, selfreport questionnaire that the patient can generally complete with little or no intervention from an interviewer. If you are unsure how to answer a question, please give the best answer you can. Theoriginal sf36 came out from the medical outcome study, mos, done by the rand corporation.
First, precoded numeric values are recoded per the scoring. It yields an 8scale profile including functional health, and mental health. Rand recommends the following straightforward approach to scoring the rand 36 item health survey. Vickrey et al, 1995 in vickreys study, the physical functioning and role limitations due to physical problems subscales were the ones that best discriminated between ms patients and the. Assessment of the sf36 version 2 in the united kingdom. The sf36 and rand36 include the same set of items that were developed in the. Sf36 total score as a single measure of healthrelated. Sf 36 is the bestknown questionnaire amongst experts in measuring health status. The short form36 sf36 is the most widely used healthrelated qualityoflife measure in research to date. Medical outcome short form 36 health survey clintools. The rand36 items health survey i not to be confused with the commercial mos sf36 questionnaire that contains similar questions but a different scoring system.
The sf 36 is an indicator of overall health status. Answer every question by placing a check mark on the line in front of the appropriate answer. The original sf36 stemmed from the medical outcome study, mos. Short form 36 health survey sf36 statistics solutions. A three stage protocol was followed including translation, tests of scaling construction and scoring assumptions, validation, and normalisation. General scoring information and steps for data entry and scoring that are common to all items are discussed first see figure 6. Scoring instructions for mos 36item short form survey instrument sf36 instructions on how to score sf36. Our aim was to test the internal consistency and validity of the sf36 in a cohort of longterm stroke survivors. Since the sf36 is a general health assessment, it frequently needs to be paired with a more specific pro measure which can make the overall assessment process long. The sf20 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. The sf 20 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures.
Clinical studies 36 item medical outcomes study shortform general health survey an instrument used to assess multidimensional healthrelated qol, which measures 8 health related parameters. It also has a low response rate in the 65 population. Sf 36, merlin software, validity, reliability, health status, data process. Satisfaction with remote monitoring was not related to hrqol r 36 mental component and the information on cardiac condition dimension r 0. All questions are scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with 100 representing the highest level of functioning possible. The data for the kdqol36 were extracted from the kdqolshort form. The sf 36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf 6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. Sf 12 health survey this survey asks for your views about your health. This is partly because it was so carefully developed in the first. The resulting shortform survey instrument provides a solution to the problem faced by many investigators who must restrict survey length. Development of the sf 36 pcs and mcs summary measures was supported by unrestricted research grants for the international quality of life assessment iqola project for the glaxo research institute, research triangle park, nc and scheringplough corp. There is considerable evidence for the validity of the sf 36 in a variety of populations including ms. The differences in scoring are summarized by hays, sherbourne, and mazel health economics, 2. Aggregate scores are compiled as a percentage of the total points possible, using the rand scoring table step i chart.
For each question, please give the answer that comes closest to the way you have been feeling. We found a similar lack of change in the standard sf 36 in a group of patients whose hba1c levels, measured in a boronate affinity assay. Oct 07, 2015 the short form 36 sf 36 is the most widely used healthrelated qualityoflife measure in research to date. If you are unsure about how to answer a question, please give the best. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health survey sf 36 about. We refer to it as a generic health survey because it can be used across age 18 and older, disease, and treatment group, as opposed to a. There are currently two sources for the sf36 and scoring instructions. Mos 36item short form survey instrument sf36 arabic pdf view and print the pdf arabic version of sf36. Two identical versions of the original instrument are currently available. The short form 36item survey is one of the most commonly used instruments for assessing healthrelated quality of life. Conclusionsthe sf 36 is a promising new instrument for measuring health perception in a general population. This chapter provides scoring instructions for the eight multiitem scales and for the reported health transition item included in the sf 36 health survey.
Since the sf 36 is a general health assessment, it frequently needs to be paired with a more specific pro measure which can make the overall assessment process long. The sf36 was developed during the medical outcomes study mos to measure generic health concepts relevant across age, disease, and treatment groups. When it comes to generating actual results, the scoring method is rather complicated to calculate. Background and purpose few studies have examined the utility of a new generic health status measure, the short form 36 health survey questionnaire sf36, in stroke patients. Demographic and socioeconomic variables key points introduction the sf36 is a standardised questionnaire derived from a larger set of questions used in the us medical outcomes study in the mid1980s ware and sherbourne 1992. Jan 12, 2009 identified articles were downloaded in pdf format and screened electronically using acrobat reader find tool for keywords. We found a similar lack of change in the standard sf36 in a group of patients whose hba1c levels, measured in a boronate. Answer every question by marking the answer as indicated.
This can partially explain the scarcity of articles retrieved from these databases when compared to the number of articles obtained by consulting article references or by. Jun 05, 20 theoriginal sf36 came out from the medical outcome study, mos, done by the rand corporation. Sf36 scoring guidelines the sf36 currently generates eight dimension scores and two summary scores p. The shortform 36 health survey rand corporation and john e. The sf36 includes a multiitem scale with 8 subscales. Free online sf36 score calculator sf36 orthotoolkit. The primary endpoints were mean baseline and posttreatment 36item shortform health survey version 2. The short form 36 health survey is a 36 item, patientreported survey of patient health. Development of the sf36 pcs and mcs summary measures was supported by unrestricted research grants for the international quality of life assessment iqola project for the glaxo research institute, research triangle park, nc and scheringplough corp. These measures rely upon patient selfreporting and are now widely utilized by. Two summary measures can be calculated using us or jp reference populations.
Health status questionnaire sf36 national multiple. It is easy to use, acceptable to patients, and fulfils stringent criteria of reliability and validity. However, patients with visual or upper extremity impairments may need to have the sf36 administered as an interview. To develop a self administered chinese mainland version of the shortform health survey sf36 for use in health related quality of life measurements in china. An answer of 4 to q23 is scored as 40, 3 to q27 is scored as 60, and 3 to q29 is scored as 40. This information will help your doctors keep track of how you feel and how well you are able to do your usual activities. Set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. There are currently two sources for the sf 36 and scoring instructions. The short form 36 health survey sf 36 evaluates the functional health and wellbeing of patients. The sf36 is distributed by mos trust inc and strict adherence to item wording and scoring recommendations is required in order to use the sf36 trademark type of instrument the sf 36 is a short form measure of generic health status in the general population. This chapter provides scoring instructions for the eight multiitem scales and for the reported health transition item included in the sf36 health survey. It was developed for the medical outcomes study mos, a multiyear study of patients with chronic conditions. Rand 36 item short form health survey sf 36 author.
Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health survey sf36 about. The sf36 questionnaire is a general health questionnaire distributed by qualitymetric. Interviewers should be trained in basic interviewing skills and in the use of this. In a recent issue of diabetes care, hillbriggs et al. The primary endpoints were mean baseline and posttreatment 36 item shortform health survey version 2. Sf12 health survey this survey asks for your views about your health. Since then a group of researchers from the original study released a commercial version of sf36while the original sf36 is available in public domain license free from rand.