The short form 36 health survey sf 36 evaluates the functional health and wellbeing of patients. Difficulties in emotion regulation scale ders please indicate how often the following statements apply to you by writing the appropriate number from the scale below on the line beside each item. Short form 36 health survey sf36 statistics solutions. Satisfaction with remote monitoring was not related to hrqol r 36 mental component and the information on cardiac condition dimension r 0. To develop a self administered chinese mainland version of the shortform health survey sf36 for use in health related quality of life measurements in china. Validation of the short form 36 sf36 health survey. The sf36 includes a multiitem scale with 8 subscales. The short form 36 health survey is a 36item, patientreported survey of patient health.
This information will help your doctors keep track of how you feel and how well you are able to do your usual activities. The original sf36 stemmed from the medical outcome study, mos. The primary endpoints were mean baseline and posttreatment 36item shortform health survey version 2. Scoring the rand 36 item health survey is a twostep process. Since the sf 36 is a general health assessment, it frequently needs to be paired with a more specific pro measure which can make the overall assessment process long. Jul 18, 1992 the sf 36 was able to detect low levels of ill health in patients who had scored 0 good health on the nottingham health profile. Scoring instructions for mos 36item short form survey instrument sf36 instructions on how to score sf36. This set of questions asks for your views about your health. The short form 36 health survey is a 36 item, patientreported survey of patient health. The sf 36, as described in the name, is a 36 item patientreported questionnaire that covers eight health domains. Oct 07, 2015 the short form 36 sf 36 is the most widely used healthrelated qualityoflife measure in research to date. Set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures.
Jan 12, 2009 identified articles were downloaded in pdf format and screened electronically using acrobat reader find tool for keywords. Rand recommends the following straightforward approach to scoring the rand 36 item health survey. It provides normative data, from a large scale social survey, the. A novel type of analysis, topbox analysis, may add to the interpretation of these data. Jun 05, 20 theoriginal sf36 came out from the medical outcome study, mos, done by the rand corporation. Answer every question by placing a check mark on the line in front of the appropriate answer.
We refer to it as a generic health survey because it can be used across age 18 and older, disease, and treatment group, as opposed to a. An answer of 4 to q23 is scored as 40, 3 to q27 is scored as 60, and 3 to q29 is scored as 40. This paper introduces the uk sf36ii and assesses the internal consistency reliability and construct validity of the measure. The sf36 is a generic qol instrument that measures 8 domains of qol. It is easy to use, acceptable to patients, and fulfils stringent criteria of reliability and validity. We refer to it as a generic health survey because it can be used across age 18 and older. Theoriginal sf36 came out from the medical outcome study, mos, done by the rand corporation. The sf36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. There are currently two sources for the sf 36 and scoring instructions. The differences in scoring are summarized by hays, sherbourne, and mazel health economics, 2. Development of the sf36 pcs and mcs summary measures was supported by unrestricted research grants for the international quality of life assessment iqola project for the glaxo research institute, research triangle park, nc and scheringplough corp. It also has a low response rate in the 65 population. The sf36 is distributed by mos trust inc and strict adherence to item wording and scoring recommendations is required in order to use the sf36 trademark type of instrument the sf 36 is a short form measure of generic health status in the general population. Sf36 mean scores, by age and sex 95% confidence intervals.
In an ms population, the cronbachs alphas for the various subscales of the sf 36 range from. Sf36 introduction the sf36 is a multipurpose, shortform health survey with only 36 questions1. Satisfaction with remote monitoring was not related to hrqol r sf 36 mental component and the information on cardiac condition dimension r 0. Vickrey et al, 1995 in vickreys study, the physical functioning and role limitations due to physical problems subscales were the ones that best discriminated between ms patients and the. The rand36 items health survey i not to be confused with the commercial mos sf36 questionnaire that contains similar questions but a different scoring system. First, precoded numeric values are recoded per the scoring. The sf36 summary score for mental health was significantly related to better survival, whereas the sf36 summary score for physical health was not. These questions are about how you feel and how things have been with you during the last 4 weeks. Answer every question by marking the answer as indicated.
Hypothesis data from the 36item shortform health survey sf36 do not follow a normal distribution and should not be analyzed using parametric techniques. The optum sf36v2 health survey asks 36 questions to measure functional health and wellbeing from the patients point of view. We found a similar lack of change in the standard sf36 in a group of patients whose hba1c levels, measured in a boronate. Originally published in 1992 in medical care, the 36 item short form health survey sf 36 is a measure of healthrelated qualityoflife. In a recent issue of diabetes care, hillbriggs et al. We found a similar lack of change in the standard sf 36 in a group of patients whose hba1c levels, measured in a boronate affinity assay. The measure yields a total score sum as well as scores on six subscales. The short form 36 health survey questionnaire the sf36 was developed in the usa for use in the rand corporations health insurance experiment. Mos 36item short form survey instrument sf36 arabic pdf view and print the pdf arabic version of sf36. The sf 36 is a measure of health status and an abbreviated variant of it, the sf 6d, is commonly used in health economics as a variable in the qualityadjusted life year calculation to determine the costeffectiveness of a health treatment. This is partly because it was so carefully developed in the first.
Behavior and analysis of 36item shortform health survey. At the baseline assessment, patients reported modest impairment on the physical function, rolephysical, bodily pain, and general health perceptions subscales 0. However, patients with visual or upper extremity impairments may need to have the sf36 administered as an interview. The primary endpoints were mean baseline and posttreatment 36 item shortform health survey version 2. Health status questionnaire sf36 national multiple. The sf 36 is an indicator of overall health status. A three stage protocol was followed including translation, tests of scaling construction and scoring assumptions, validation, and normalisation.
Now we divide by the 3 answered questions to get a total of 46. Two identical versions of the original instrument are currently available. There are currently two sources for the sf36 and scoring instructions. Scoring instructions for mos 36 item short form survey instrument sf 36 instructions on how to score sf 36. Development of the sf 36 pcs and mcs summary measures was supported by unrestricted research grants for the international quality of life assessment iqola project for the glaxo research institute, research triangle park, nc and scheringplough corp.
General scoring information and steps for data entry and scoring that are common to all items are discussed first see figure 6. Since the sf36 is a general health assessment, it frequently needs to be paired with a more specific pro measure which can make the overall assessment process long. Demographic and socioeconomic variables key points introduction the sf36 is a standardised questionnaire derived from a larger set of questions used in the us medical outcomes study in the mid1980s ware and sherbourne 1992. Identified articles were downloaded in pdf format and screened electronically using acrobat reader find tool for keywords. Conclusionsthe sf 36 is a promising new instrument for measuring health perception in a general population. The shortform 36 health survey rand corporation and john e. Clinical studies 36item medical outcomes study shortform general health survey an instrument used to assess multidimensional healthrelated qol, which measures 8 health related parameters. If you are unsure about how to answer a question, please give the best. This chapter provides scoring instructions for the eight multiitem scales and for the reported health transition item included in the sf 36 health survey. Type of clinical outcome assessment coa original language s english for the usa.
It is a subset of questions from longer instruments that were used in the medical outcomes study. Two summary measures can be calculated using us or jp reference populations. The short form 36item survey is one of the most commonly used instruments for assessing healthrelated quality of life. Methods the australian version of the sf36 was tested in 90 consecutive 1year stroke survivors mean age. Our aim was to test the internal consistency and validity of the sf36 in a cohort of longterm stroke survivors.
The original sf36 came out from the medical outcome study, mos. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health survey sf36 about. There have been a variety of iterations of this tool, and the version presented here is more specifically known as the rand sf 36. The sf 36 and rand 36 include the same set of items that were developed in the medical outcomes study. Sf 36 is the bestknown questionnaire amongst experts in measuring health status. A physical summary and a mental summary are included in the test scoring. The sf36 was developed during the medical outcomes study mos to measure generic health concepts relevant across age, disease, and treatment groups.
Sf 36 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. The sf36 questionnaire is a general health questionnaire distributed by qualitymetric. These measures rely upon patient selfreporting and are now widely utilized by. This information will help keep track of how you feel and how well you are able to do your usual activities.
In the multivariate analysis, only the sf36 mental health summary score remained an independent, significant predictor, mainly due to considerable intercorrelations between hrqol scales. Since then a group of researchers from the original study released a commercial version of sf36while the original sf36 is available in public domain license free from rand. The sf36 and rand36 include the same set of items that were developed in the. Because the scoring method described here a simpler and more straightforward procedure differs from that of the mos sf 36, persons using this scoring method should refer to the instrument as rand 36 item health survey 1. The sf20 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. When it comes to generating actual results, the scoring method is rather complicated to calculate. For each question, please give the answer that comes closest to the way you have been feeling. The test consists of 36 questions and requires 10 minutes to administer. If you are unsure how to answer a question, please give the best answer you can. Medical outcome short form 36 health survey clintools. Free online sf36 score calculator sf36 orthotoolkit. There is considerable evidence for the validity of the sf 36 in a variety of populations including ms. Clinical studies 36 item medical outcomes study shortform general health survey an instrument used to assess multidimensional healthrelated qol, which measures 8 health related parameters.
Sf36 is the bestknown questionnaire amongst experts in measuring health status. This chapter provides scoring instructions for the eight multiitem scales and for the reported health transition item included in the sf36 health survey. Reporting and interpretation of sf36 outcomes in randomised. All questions are scored on a scale from 0 to 100, with 100 representing the highest level of functioning possible. The resulting shortform survey instrument provides a solution to the problem faced by many investigators who must restrict survey length. It yields an 8scale profile including functional health, and mental health.
The sf36 is a structured, selfreport questionnaire that the patient can generally complete with little or no intervention from an interviewer. Rand 36 item short form health survey sf 36 author. Mos 36 item short form survey instrument sf 36 arabic pdf view and print the pdf arabic version of sf 36. Sf36 scoring guidelines the sf36 currently generates eight dimension scores and two summary scores p. Sf 12 health survey this survey asks for your views about your health. Background and purpose few studies have examined the utility of a new generic health status measure, the short form 36 health survey questionnaire sf36, in stroke patients. The sf 20 is a set of generic, coherent, and easily administered qualityoflife measures. The data for the kdqol36 were extracted from the kdqolshort form. Sf12 health survey this survey asks for your views about your health. Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health. Assessment of the sf36 version 2 in the united kingdom. It was developed for the medical outcomes study mos, a multiyear study of patients with chronic conditions. Sf36, merlin software, validity, reliability, health status, data process. Aggregate scores are compiled as a percentage of the total points possible, using the rand scoring table step i chart.
Medical outcomes study questionnaire short form 36 health survey sf 36 about. Scoring of the general health and pain scales is different between the versions. As part of the medical outcomes study mos, a multiyear, multisite study to explain variations in patient outcomes, rand developed the 36 item short form health survey sf 36. Sf36 total score as a single measure of healthrelated. The short form36 sf36 is the most widely used healthrelated qualityoflife measure in research to date. Interviewers should be trained in basic interviewing skills and in the use of this. This can partially explain the scarcity of articles retrieved from these databases when compared to the number of articles obtained by consulting article references or by. Sf 36, merlin software, validity, reliability, health status, data process.